Sesame Street’s Next Chapter: Elmo Talks Back
NEW YORK - Cookie Monster, Big Bird and Elmo are giving kids a glimpse of television's future.
The "Sesame Street" crew has been talking to kids for more than four decades. Now they're offering a way for their pint-sized audience to interact with characters on the other side of the TV screen, using Kinect, the motion and voice-sensing controller created by Microsoft.
"Kinect Sesame Street TV," out this week, is not exactly a video game, though it runs on Microsoft Corp.'s Xbox 360 video game system. There are no winners and losers, no real rules to follow and no points to score. If you don't want to play, that's fine. Just sit back and watch "Sesame Street," as kids have for the past 43 years. But if you do play, Grover will count coconuts you've thrown, the Count will praise you for standing still and Elmo will catch a talking ball if you throw it to him.
The episodes presage the next step in the evolution of television, adding an interactive element to what's still a passive, lean-back experience. The game is sure to arouse jealous feelings among football fans who yell at their TV sets during Sunday's game. As you watch children playing the "Sesame Street" game, it's easy to imagine a not-so-distant future where viewers become participants, affecting a show's outcome -much more than they do when they vote for "American Idol" contestants.
"Kinect Sesame Street" ''allows the child to participate in the narrative plot," says Emory Woodard, communications professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. Woodard, who worked at Children's Television Workshop - what is now Sesame Workshop - in 1995, notes that a lot of TV programming aimed at preschoolers involves characters talking to the kids. "But in this case," he adds, "The characters can react to the child's response."
It's not entirely clear, though, whether that makes a difference to them.
"That's a research question to explore," Woodard says.
Two-and 3-year-olds, he notes, are at a very "ego-centric" stage of development. They already experience on-screen characters as if they were talking to them, even with traditional television programs. They start growing out of that around 4, but by 5 they'll have more or less grown out of "Sesame Street," too. ("Kinect Sesame" is recommended for children 3 and up).
Microsoft recently gave The Associated Press and several bloggers an early look at "Kinect Sesame." Jack and Zoe Shyba, the 5 and 4-year-old kids of mommy blogger Jessica Shyba, at first just watched the show intently when they saw it at the Sesame Workshop in New York. The letter of the day, as it happens, was "S." But as soon the characters started to ask them to do things, they obliged.
Kinect works by first calibrating to users' bodies so it can track their movements when they throw a virtual ball to an on-screen character or pluck virtual carrots from Elmo's garden. (Kinect is also used to play more traditional video games and control entertainment features on the Xbox). With teenagers and adults, this means moving your body into various poses that are reflected by a bare-bones figure on screen.
With small children as the focus, the creators tried a different approach. Instead of having an on-screen avatar mimic their movements, "Kinect Sesame Street" has them step into an on-screen mirror so they can see themselves on TV.
"We were spending a lot of time talking about how to get a kid calibrated in a way that was fun," said Josh Atkins, Xbox executive producer of Kinect Sesame Street. The best way, it turned out, was to have an on-screen "character" that is essentially a mirror. "When they see themselves on TV they tend to pay attention."
"Sesame Street" first aired on public television in 1969, with the aim of educating preschoolers and helping them transition to school. "Kinect Sesame Street TV" starts off by using content from the show's 42nd season. The game is available in disc form and as a download through via Xbox Live. For $30 users can purchase a package that includes eight 30-minute episodes on two discs. Users can also purchase single episodes for $5.
Rosemarie Truglio, senior vice president of education and research at Sesame Workshop, said children can learn both through linear content - such as watching an episode - and through interactive content.
"We have never tried this," she said. "We've never taken a 'Sesame Street' episode and turned it into an interactive experience."
Truglio points to a math example. There's a scene in the show where Grover slips on a banana peel and drops a box of coconuts. Kids who don't want to interact with Grover can continue watching the show. Or, they can stand up and throw virtual coconuts back to Grover, who will count out the pitches until he gets six. At the Sesame Workshop, Jack and Zoe mimicked throwing the coconuts and counted with Grover until they got all of them.
"We want to get children to understand what '5' is, or the meaning of what '6' is," Truglio said. "They have to throw 6 times (so) you have an action that is linked to a number."
This kind of "transfer" - learning something in one context and translating it to another context, is a "holy grail" for Sesame Street, said Fran Blumberg, professor at Fordham University's graduate school of education who focuses on educational psychology.
"Sesame has been wildly successful," she says, "The question is whether it will be enhanced with this new game."
Jessica Shyba (who blogs about parenting in Manhattan at MommasGoneCity.com), said she prefers to see her kids play the game rather than watching regular TV.
"If they watch TV I can't even ask them what they want for lunch," she says, noting that passive television viewing turns them into "little zombies." But with the interactive game, Shyba says, "I can hear them talking, yelling, waving their arms. That, to me, is really cool."
Atkins said the making of "Kinect Sesame Street" involved a lot of real-world testing with children. It was through trial and error that the designers learned that it didn't work well when characters gave children very direct orders like "throw the ball" or "throw the ball now." The children in early tests became resistant and didn't feel involved in the story. So they changed the timing. In the game, Elmo waits for kids to throw and says "please." He's also careful not to ask too many times, because kids can get overwhelmed and lose interest.
Unlike a video game, in "Kinect Sesame Street" kids never need to do anything unless they want to. But if they do, the designers' rule was that "there needs to be an immediate response," Atkins said.
It was also crucial to only ask kids to do simple actions that are part of their everyday vocabulary. In Sesame, this includes jumping, throwing, waving, pointing, clapping, standing and perhaps the most challenging task for some of them, standing still.
"We came up with those things because we knew they were things we would never have to explain to a child," he said.
Sesame also doesn't tell kids they are wrong, or that they have to do something over. If that happened, Atkins said, "It would stop being a TV show and revert back to being a game."
Shyba's only concern is "Kinect Sesame Street" relatively short shelf life.
Navigating Kinect requires some basic skills that might be difficult for young children. Zoe, who turns 4 on Wednesday, hasn't quite mastered the setup but even she "kind of feels like 'Sesame Street' is babyish," Shyba said. "Granted, she has an older brother."
At 5, Jack is all but over "Sesame," and much more interested in another interactive TV-game, based on nature shows from National Geographic. "Kinect Nat Geo TV," another Xbox offering out this week, lets kids take the shape of on-screen animals, look for their tracks in the snow or take photos of them by saying the word "snap" when they appear.
"This kind of interactive programming is going to really be a significant part of the entertainment experience of children, teens and adults," Woodard said. "We are just at the beginning."